Resource

Green Nephrology: Citrate, the Green Alternative to Heparin in Hemodialysis

Furat Al-Murani
Furat Al-Murani • 24 September 2026

This editorial argues that regional citrate anticoagulation is a greener and clinically preferable alternative to heparin in haemodialysis. Heparin is extracted from pig intestinal mucosa, with one pig slaughtered per 13 dialysis sessions. Citrate, made from beet molasses, carries under 1.5% of heparin's carbon footprint for the equivalent sessions.

Resource author(s)
van der Meulen, J.
Resource publishing organisation(s) or journal
Kidney International Reports
Resource publication date
November 2023

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